PTSD Signs and Symptoms
PTSD is a reaction to a traumatic event that can be experienced in several ways:
Direct exposure.
Witnessing, in person.
Indirectly, by learning that a close relative or close friend was exposed to a traumatic event.
Repeated or extreme indirect exposure to aversive details of the event (usually associated with first responders or professionals repeatedly exposed to details of child abuse; this does not include indirect non-professional exposure through electronic media, television, movies, or pictures).
PTSD symptoms vary widely and examples are listed below. You do not have to experience all of these symptoms to have PTSD, and you may experience symptoms that are not listed.
Avoidance
Avoiding trauma-related thoughts or feelings
Avoiding trauma-related reminders
Re-experiencing
Intrusive thoughts
Nightmares
Flashbacks
Emotional distress
Physical reactivity
Negative Thoughts or Feelings
Inability to recall key features of the trauma
Overly negative thoughts about oneself or the world
Exaggerated blame of self or others for causing the trauma
Negative affect
Decreased interest in activities
Feeling isolated
Difficulty experiencing positive affect
Arousal and Reactivity
Irritability or aggression
Risky or destructive behavior
Hypervigilance
Heightened startle reaction
Difficulty concentrating
Difficulty sleeping